双语｜退休后回首人生，你可能会后悔的九大财务决策（下）

双语｜退休后回首人生，你可能会后悔的九大财务决策

摘要

很多人梦想着工作到50岁就能退休，然后过上衣食无忧、自由自在的退休生活；但很多人却因年轻时没有很好地进行规划而错失了积累财富的机会。如何避免那些可能会严重损害财务状......很多人梦想着工作到50岁就能退休，然后过上衣食无忧、自由自在的退休生活；但很多人却因年轻时没有很好地进行规划而错失了积累财富的机会。如何避免那些可能会严重损害财务状况的常见财务陷阱呢？

退休后回首人生，你可能会后悔的九大财务决策

6.Decluttering to the Extreme

太快清理家庭杂物

My parents are in their mid-80s and have been living in the same house for decades. Over the past couple of years they have started getting rid of all the bric-a-brac they’ve accumulated. Their goal is either to sell and move into a retirement community or, at the least, make it easier for my brother and I down the road when we inherit the home.

我的父母已经80多岁，他们在同一栋房子里已经住了几十年。最近他们开始清理房间里的瓶瓶罐罐，或者卖掉，或者准备搬去养老社区，总之，想要让我和我的兄弟在继承家产的时候更容易。

There hasn’t been much junk among the items they’ve parted with save for the wall clock they gave me and swore it worked (it doesn’t). But there were also items my father wisely ran past his lawyer before dumping: Bookkeeping records from the business he owned for years. He was cleared.

但在他们处理的那些“垃圾”中，其实并没有太多的废品。还好有些东西我父亲在扔掉的之前给他的律师一一过目而保存下来，比如记录他生意状况多年的账本。

Still, that’s fair warning:Be careful about what you throw out in haste.Sentimental value aside, certain professionals including doctors, dentists, lawyers and accountants can be required by state law to retain records for years after retirement. Same goes for records related to the purchase and capital improvement of your home; purchases of stocks and funds in taxable investment accounts; and contributions to retirement accounts (in particular nondeductible IRA contributions reported on IRS Form 8606). All can be used to determine the correct tax basis on assets to avoid paying more in taxes than you owe.

一个提醒：当心那些被你匆忙扔掉的东西。撇开情感因素不谈，一些专业人士，比如医生、牙医、律师、会计师，应该在退休后的数年内都保留一些他们的执业记录。还有一些购买资产证明，以及股票账户、基金账户、退休金账户等。在退休前清理房屋时，都要当心不要轻易扔掉。

7.Putting Your Kids First

孩子永远摆在第一位

Sure, you want your children to have the best —best education, best wedding, best everything. And if you can afford it, by all means open your wallet. But footing the bill for private tuition and lavish nuptials at the expense of your own retirement savings could come back to haunt all of you.

当然，父母总希望自己的孩子拥有最好的——最好的教育、最好的婚礼，最好的一切。如果你能负担得起，那就想尽一切办法打开你的钱包吧。但为高额的私人教育费用和奢华的婚礼买单，可能会让你整个人生都付出代价。

“You cannot borrow for your retirement living,’’says Joe Ready, executive vice president of Wells Fargo Institutional Retirement and Trust. “[But] you may have other avenues beyond [borrowing from] your 401(k) plan to help fund a child’s education.”Instead, Ready says parents and their kids should explore scholarships, grants, student loans and less expensive in-state schools in lieu of raiding the retirement nest egg. (There are many smart ways to save on weddings, too.)

“你不能为了其他事项提前支付你的退休金”，富国银行退休和信托公司执行副总裁Joe Ready说，“但你还有其他途径可以帮助你的孩子接受更好的教育。”父母和孩子应该在奖学金、助学金、学生贷款和比较便宜的公立学校方面想办法，而不是不断压榨父母的退休储蓄。当然，在婚礼上省钱的方法就更多了。

No one plans to go broke in retirement, but it can happen for many reasons. One of the biggest reasons, of course, is not saving enough to begin with. If you’re not prudent now, you might end up being the one moving into your kid’s basement later.

没有人是计划着在退休后破产的，但有很多原因可能会导致这个结果。其中一个很重要的原因就是一开始就没有准备足够的储蓄。如果你现在不谨慎，你很可能最后变成一个搬去孩子家地下室住的人。

8.Buying into a Time-Share

为度假、旅游而买房

It’s easy to see the appeal of a time-share during retirement. Now that you’re free from the 9-to-5 grind, you can visit a favorite vacation spot more frequently. And if you get bored, simply swap for slots at other destinations within the time-share network. Great deal, right? Not always.

退休后人们很容易被度假这种事吸引。当你终于从朝九晚五的工作中解脱出来，可以频繁地往返你喜欢的度假胜地时，有一幢度假房在这些目的地，度假时还有自己的房屋可以居住，不居住的时候也能出租给他人，不是一件很愉悦的是吗？

不总是。

Buyers who don’t grasp the full financial implications of a time-share can quickly come to regret the purchase. In addition to thousands paid upfront, maintenance fees average upward of $660 a year, and special assessments can be levied for major renovations. There are also travel costs, which run high to vacation hotspots such as Hawaii, Mexico or the Bahamas.

那些把所有财产投入度假房的买家，很快就会后悔的，他们并没有真正理解这件事背后的意义。除了首付款，还有每年增加上百美元的维修费和为了登上出租平台进行的特殊评估费用等等。此外，还有旅游成本，比如从你的居住地往返夏威夷、墨西哥或巴哈马群岛的路费、生活费，都会在买房后陆续出现。

And good luck if you develop buyer’s remorse. “The real estate market is flush with used time-shares, which means you probably won’t get the price you want for yours –if you can sell it at all”, says Ron Kelemen, a Salem, Ore.-based financial planner. Even if you do find a potential buyer, beware: The time-share market is rife with scammers.

如果你已经陷入这个坑，那祝你好运。“房地产市场，尤其是二手房市场浮动很大，这意味着你可能不会得到你想要的价格——如果你能卖出去的话”，一位位于萨姆勒的理财规划师提醒说，“即使你找到了一个合适的潜在买家，也要当心，在度假房市场上的骗子比一般房地产市场上多多了。”

9.Avoiding the Stock Market

股票市场是不可触碰的恶魔

“Shying away from stocks because they seem too risky ”is one of the biggest mistakes investors make when saving for retirement.”True, the market has plenty of ups and downs, but since 1926 stocks have returned an average of about 10% a year. Bonds, CDs, bank accounts and mattresses don’t come close.

“要避开股票，因为他们看起来风险太大”这是投资者在为退休储蓄时常犯的错误之一。诚然，市场有很多起起落落，但自1926年以来，股市平均回报利率约为10%，这是债券、大额存单、银行定期和大宗商品都无法企及的。

“Conventional wisdom may indicate the stock market is ‘risky’and therefore should be avoided if your goal is to keep your money safe,”says Elizabeth Muldowney Samuelson, a financial adviser with Savant Capital Management in Rockford, Ill. “However, this comes at the expense of low returns and, in fact, you have not eliminated your risk by avoiding the stock market, but rather shifted your risk to the possibility of your money not keeping up with inflation.”

“传统的观念认为股市是有风险的，因此如果你的目标是保证资产安全，那你就应该远离股市。”一家资产管理公司的金融顾问Elizabeth Muldowney Samuelson说道，“然而，这是以低回报为代价的。事实上，你并没有通过回避股市来消除风险，而是将这些风险转移到了低收益的投资上，而这些投资并不能与通货膨胀保持一致。”

We favor low-cost mutual funds and exchange-traded funds because they offer an affordable way to own a piece of hundreds or even thousands of companies without having to buy individual stocks. And don’t even think about retiring your stock portfolio once you reach retirement age, says Sweeney, of Fidelity Investments. Nest eggs need to keep growing to finance a retirement that might last 30 years. You do, however, need to ratchet down risk as you age by gradually reducing your exposure to stocks.

我们青睐投资低成本的基金因为它们提供了一种同时拥有数百甚至数千家公司的投资方式，不必购买个股，这对一般投资者来说是可以负担得起的。富达投资公司的Sweeney说，甚至到了退休年龄，也不要完全放弃股票投资组合。养老储备金需要不断增，才能为未来持续30年的退休生活提供保障。然后随着年龄的增长，你也需要逐步减少对股票的投资，以降低风险。

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